Issues with Unlimited Police Powers

Issues with Unlimited Police Powers Police is enforcement is a vibrancy interpretation of the law, safeguarding citizens from threats of anti social elements qualifies to be the most decisive police job description. Crime is an act for which on may punished by law. A criminal describes someone who has broken the accepted laws of the country by his or her action. The police is the people who have power to bring criminals to justice. Clearly there are limits on a precincts ability to use its police power to control the persons and property of citizens. The general rule is that the means employed in the exercise of the police power can be neither arbitrary nor oppressive, and there must be a reasonable and substantial relationship between the means employed and the end to be attained. In today world, we are facing many incidents of police powers and their authority, if police have unlimited power when dealing with crime, the issue of corruption will be occur. The police corruption has been used to describe many activitie s such as bribery, violence, brutality, fabrication and destruction of evidence, favouritism and nepotism. Corruption of authority is when an officer receives some form of material gain by merit of their position as a police officer with violating the law. Police may use their authority to get some extra income when dealing with criminal. It is most commonly happen when police dealing with traffic offenders or maybe a murder. Police may receive some pocket money, when the traffic offenders are trying to escape from traffic tickets. It happens every day in our real life. Bribery will be happen if the murder criminal is a richer, they can even escaped arrested with money. So when bribery is happen, the richer criminals do not need to be punished by law. The truth cannot be found, the victim cannot find the murderer. The unsolved crime is gradually increased. Favoritism and nepotism also is the reason may cause innocent. Police may actually protect the people they would like to protect, such as their family even they are likely to be criminals. The fabrication and destruction of evidence may happen due to escape legal of sanctions. With such behavior, is often result more victims and more innocent events. This is actually unfair to the public. These are also the reason why we still have lot of unsolved crime in our country. Police are human, human are prone to error. Unlimited power means police dont have to abbey the law or the constitution. Meaning they are allow to do absolutely anything to the suspects of the crime. There is now the era of numerous incidents of police brutality against criminal suspects resulting in serious injuries and deaths. The police may use abuse on the suspects who may actually innocent. There have been several cases involving. This was certainly the case in the deaths of three innocent school boys who were shot dead by the police. The police said they ignored orders to surrender and opened fire at police personnel. It was great suspicion of foul play, because there is no witnesses, no police cars with bullet shots, no wounded policemen. Where there is a death by police shooting, the authority alleges that the deceased attacked and the police acted in self defense. Families of those shot dead have often protested that the deceased had no history or track record of any crimina l activity, again raising questions about the veracity of police claims. The police may assume the things they do to be helping society, such acts may include violence towards the suspect. However, the victim may feel unfair, but still, since the right is given to the police, they are not responsible in inflicting damages to the victim. A string of vicious murders by the police on suspects have left the nation loathe and distrust the police for the police force. It is very difficult to believe that these deaths are caused by the very institution is supposed to protect and preserve justice, even to those who are suspected individuals. This is not the usual situation of having to put up with police corruption, misconduct, mistreatment and heavy-handedness as part of our life everyday life. It will continue to happen as long as the police have the discretion and unlimited power in their hands to interpret as they like the Federal Constitution. Social unrest may also occur due to the police having unlimited powers, the victim may feel unfair due to police corruption. Riots might happen due to the seeking of justice for the victim may result. Social unrest may cause our country political unstable. Social unrest not only will cause the loss of many innocent lives, it will also in the drop of our economic level, Foreign investors will no longer take interest in investing in a country with internal conflicts. Such an incident is similar to that of the 1992 Los Angeles riots which were sparked when the jury acquitted four police officers accused in the videotaped beating of black motorist Rodney King when he resisted arrest. Looting, assault, arson and even murder occurred. The country took a long time to settle the unrest, resulting in loss of revenue for the country. This shows how a country can adversely affected due to unlimited powers given to the police, this all actually can be avoid. It is important to the government to overlook the effect of giving such right to the police before doing so ensure best to the country and its people. In my opinion, police should not have unlimited power when dealing with crime. Although the police have ether assumed or have been assigned responsibility for dealing with many more of complex crime and social problem, but their job is to service people. The mission of police is to control crime, we expect them to perform, a crime control role. They should not be giving authority to judge a criminal. Their job is to find out the criminal and left them to legal sanctions.

Into the Wild Essay

Jon Krakauer, the author of Into the Wild, and Chris McCandless, the main character, share very similar stories and personalities. The best was in which these similarities are depicted is in chapters 14 and 15, when Krakauer inserts himself into the story. In these chapters Krakauer highlights a lot of parallels between himself and McCandless and through these highlights we can look at Krakauer as a credible biographer because he has a deeper understand for McCandless’s motivations. Krakauer and McCandless have very similar obstacles and backgrounds which is exemplified in chapter 14. Both men at one point in life sought isolation, and more specifically, sought isolation with nature. Both thought they had something to prove, may it be to themselves or those around them. â€Å"I was twenty-three, a year younger than Chris McCandless when he walked into that Alaska bush† (Krakauer, 135). They are both two young men going out into the wilderness trying to live on their own and accomplish their own desired feat. Krakauer believed that since they shared similar challenges and characteristics, that their emotions and thoughts may have been the same too. No one really knows what McCandless was thinking at the time but Krakauer believes that he felt some loneliness from time to time. Krakauer once believed that he could live without people and friends just like McCandless though, but Krakauer admits that every once in a while he felt lonely so he infers that McCandless must have felt this same loneliness during his time in the wilderness. Krakauer also wants to elicit the comparison of their relationships with their fathers. â€Å"My father was a volatile, extremely complicated person, possessed of a brash demeanor that masked deep insecurities† (147). Both have fathers that they did not quite get along with and had tough relationships with. This also adds more credibility to Krakauer as a biographer as he shares yet another thing in common with McCandless. The motives of both characters are another important connection that must be made; both characters shared resilience and were determined to succeed. Krakauer’s own account is now made even more crucial to the book as we now see that both characters shared similar motives and mindsets. After being denied once by Devil’s Thumb Krakauer is still determined to climb to the top. â€Å"In truth my escapade on the north face had rattled me, and I didn’t want to go up the Thumb again at all. But the thought of returning to Boulder in defeat wasn’t very appealing either† (146). This can be compared to McCandless’s strong belief in his ability to survive. McCandless’s journey had not been an easy one and he had not been very successful, yet he was still determined in his abilities and would not give in. The fact that Krakauer also shares a similar mindset as McCandless makes his verdict about McCandless’s life that much more credible. Krakauer’s most important claim is that McCandless did not commit suicide. Even though McCandless states in his final postcard to Westerberg that he may never make it out alive, he still strongly belives in his own abilities. McCandless was under the false notion that, if he was able to survive everything so far, then he could survive the rest of his journey.

Building A Paleoclimatic With Marine Isotope Stages

Marine Isotope Stages (abbreviated MIS), sometimes referred to as Oxygen Isotope Stages (OIS), are the discovered pieces of a chronological listing of alternating cold and warm periods on our planet, going back to at least 2.6 million years. Developed by successive and collaborative work by pioneer paleoclimatologists Harold Urey, Cesare Emiliani, John Imbrie, Nicholas Shackleton, and a host of others, MIS uses the balance of oxygen isotopes in stacked fossil plankton (foraminifera) deposits on the bottom of the oceans to build an environmental history of our planet. The changing oxygen isotope ratios hold information about the presence of ice sheets, and thus planetary climate changes, on our earths surface. How Measuring Marine Isotope Stages Work Scientists take sediment cores from the bottom of the ocean all over the world  and then measure the ratio of Oxygen 16 to Oxygen 18 in the calcite shells of the foraminifera. Oxygen 16 is preferentially evaporated from the oceans, some of which falls as snow on continents. Times when snow and glacial ice buildup occur therefore see a corresponding enrichment of the oceans in Oxygen 18. Thus the O18/O16 ratio  changes over time, mostly as a function of the volume of glacial ice on the planet. Supporting evidence for the use of oxygen isotope ratios as proxies of climate change is reflected in the matching record of what scientists believe the reason for the changing amount of glacier ice on our planet. The primary reasons glacial ice varies on our planet was described by Serbian geophysicist and astronomer Milutin Milankovic (or Milankovitch) as the combination of the eccentricity of Earths orbit around the sun, the tilt of the Earths axis and the wobble of the planet bringing the northern latitudes nearer to or farther from the suns orbit, all of which changes the distribution of incoming solar radiation to the planet. Sorting Out Competing Factors The problem is, however, that although scientists have been able to identify an extensive record of global ice volume changes through time, the exact amount of sea level rise, or temperature decline, or even ice volume, is not generally available through measurements of isotope balance, because these different factors are interrelated. However, sea level changes can  sometimes be identified directly in the geological record: for example, datable cave encrustations which develop at sea levels (see Dorale and colleagues). This type of additional evidence ultimately helps sorts out the competing factors in establishing a more rigorous estimation of past temperature, sea level, or the amount of ice on the planet. Climate Change on Earth The following table lists a paleo-chronology of life on earth, including how the major cultural steps fit in, for the past 1 million years. Scholars have taken the MIS/OIS listing well beyond that. Table of Marine Isotope Stages MIS Stage Start Date Cooler or Warmer Cultural Events MIS 1 11,600 warmer the Holocene MIS 2 24,000 cooler last glacial maximum, Americas populated MIS 3 60,000 warmer upper Paleolithic begins; Australia populated, upper Paleolithic cave walls painted, Neanderthals disappear MIS 4 74,000 cooler Mt. Toba super-eruption MIS 5 130,000 warmer early modern humans (EMH) leave Africa to colonize the world MIS 5a 85,000 warmer Howiesons Poort/Still Bay complexes in southern Africa MIS 5b 93,000 cooler MIS 5c 106,000 warmer EMH at Skuhl and Qazfeh in Israel MIS 5d 115,000 cooler MIS 5e 130,000 warmer MIS 6 190,000 cooler Middle Paleolithic begins, EMH evolves, at Bouri and Omo Kibish in Ethiopia MIS 7 244,000 warmer MIS 8 301,000 cooler MIS 9 334,000 warmer MIS 10 364,000 cooler Homo erectus at Diring Yuriahk in Siberia MIS 11 427,000 warmer Neanderthals evolve in Europe. This stage is thought to be the most similar to MIS 1 MIS 12 474,000 cooler MIS 13 528,000 warmer MIS 14 568,000 cooler MIS 15 621,000 ccooler MIS 16 659,000 cooler MIS 17 712,000 warmer H. erectus at Zhoukoudian in China MIS 18 760,000 cooler MIS 19 787,000 warmer MIS 20 810,000 cooler H. erectus at Gesher Benot Yaaqov in Israel MIS 21 865,000 warmer MIS 22 1,030,000 cooler Sources Jeffrey Dorale of the University of Iowa. Alexanderson H, Johnsen T, and Murray AS. 2010.  Re-dating the Pilgrimstad Interstadial with OSL: a warmer climate and a smaller ice sheet during the Swedish Middle Weichselian (MIS 3)?  Boreas  39(2):367-376. Bintanja , R. North American ice-sheet dynamics and the onset of 100,000-year glacial cycles. Nature volume 454, R. S. W. van de Wal, Nature, August 14, 2008. Bintanja, Richard. Modelled atmospheric temperatures and global sea levels over the past million years. 437, Roderik S.W. van de Wal, Johannes Oerlemans, Nature, September 1, 2005. Dorale JA,  Onac  BP, Fornà ³s JJ, Ginà ©s J, Ginà ©s A, Tuccimei P, and Peate DW. 2010.  Sea-Level Highstand 81,000 Years Ago in Mallorca.  Science 327(5967):860-863. Hodgson DA, Verleyen E, Squier AH, Sabbe K, Keely BJ, Saunders KM, and Vyverman W. 2006.  Interglacial environments of coastal east Antarctica: comparison of MIS 1 (Holocene) and MIS 5e (Last Interglacial) lake-sediment records.  Quaternary Science Reviews  25(1–2):179-197. Huang SP, Pollack HN, and Shen PY. 2008.  A late Quaternary climate reconstruction based on borehole heat flux data, borehole temperature data, and the instrumental record.  Geophys Res Lett  35(13):L13703. Kaiser J, and Lamy F. 2010.  Links between Patagonian Ice Sheet fluctuations and Antarctic dust variability during the last glacial period (MIS 4-2).  Quaternary Science Reviews  29(11–12):1464-1471. Martinson DG, Pisias NG, Hays JD, Imbrie J, Moore Jr TC, and Shackleton NJ. 1987.  Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages: Development of a high-resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy.  Quaternary Research  27(1):1-29. Suggate RP, and Almond PC. 2005.  The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in western South Island, New Zealand: implications for the global LGM and MIS 2.  Quaternary Science Reviews  24(16–17):1923-1940.

The Mom - 2180 Words

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